Computer organization and architecture refer to the study of how a computer system is organized and designed at both the hardware and software levels.
Computer organization deals with the physical components and structures of a computer system. It focuses on topics such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory hierarchy (cache, main memory, secondary storage), input/output (I/O) systems, bus structures, and interconnections between components. It involves understanding how these components work together to execute instructions and process data.
Computer architecture, on the other hand, deals with the design principles and concepts behind computer systems. It encompasses the instruction set architecture (ISA), which defines the instructions and operations that a processor can execute. Architecture also includes the design choices related to instruction execution, memory management, pipelining, parallel processing, and performance optimization.
Here are some key topics typically covered in a computer organization and architecture course:
1. Instruction set architecture (ISA): Different types of instruction sets and their design principles, addressing modes, data types, and instruction formats.
2. CPU Organization: Components of the CPU, including registers, arithmetic and logic units (ALU), control unit, and instruction pipeline. Concepts like instruction fetch, decode, execute, and memory access.
3. Memory Hierarchy: Different levels of memory (cache, main memory, secondary storage) and their organization, cache memory mapping techniques (direct-mapped, set-associative, fully associative), memory management, virtual memory, and cache coherence.
4. Input/Output Systems: Principles of I/O operations, I/O interfaces, interrupt handling, and I/O performance optimization.
5. Parallel Processing: Concepts of parallel computing, multi-core processors, parallel architectures, and parallel programming models.
6. Performance Evaluation: Techniques for evaluating computer system performance, including benchmarks, metrics, and performance improvement strategies.
7. Assembly Language Programming: Basics of assembly language programming, instruction formats, addressing modes, and program development using assembly language.
8. System-Level Organization: Interactions between hardware and software components, operating systems, and the role of compilers.
It's worth noting that computer organization and architecture courses may vary in their depth and coverage of these topics depending on the level and focus of the course. Textbooks and online resources specific to computer organization and architecture can provide more detailed information and examples for further study.
- Book Name: Lecture notes On Computer organization and architecture
- Author(s): Dr. Y. Mohana Roopa,Dr. P. L. Srinivasa Murthy,Mr. N.v.Krishna Rao,Ms. A.Swapna P
- Total Pages: 125 Pages
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